Automated audio captioning is a cross-modal translation task for describing the content of audio clips with natural language sentences. This task has attracted increasing attention and substantial progress has been made in recent years. Captions generated by existing models are generally faithful to the content of audio clips, however, these machine-generated captions are often deterministic (e.g., generating a fixed caption for a given audio clip), simple (e.g., using common words and simple grammar), and generic (e.g., generating the same caption for similar audio clips). When people are asked to describe the content of an audio clip, different people tend to focus on different sound events and describe an audio clip diversely from various aspects using distinct words and grammar. We believe that an audio captioning system should have the ability to generate diverse captions, either for a fixed audio clip, or across similar audio clips. To this end, we propose an adversarial training framework based on a conditional generative adversarial network (C-GAN) to improve diversity of audio captioning systems. A caption generator and two hybrid discriminators compete and are learned jointly, where the caption generator can be any standard encoder-decoder captioning model used to generate captions, and the hybrid discriminators assess the generated captions from different criteria, such as their naturalness and semantics. We conduct experiments on the Clotho dataset. The results show that our proposed model can generate captions with better diversity as compared to state-of-the-art methods.

几个示例，几乎没有射击的生物声学事件检测是检测新声音的发生时间的任务。先前的方法采用公制学习来建立一个潜在空间，其中包括不同声音类别的标记部分，也称为积极事件。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个细分级的几杆学习框架，该框架在模型优化过程中利用正面和负面事件。负面事件的训练比积极事件更大，可以提高模型的概括能力。此外，我们对训练期间的验证集使用跨性推断，以更好地适应新的课程。我们对我们提出的方法进行消融研究，并在输入特征，训练数据和超参数上进行不同的设置。我们的最终系统在DCASE 2022挑战任务5（DCASE2022-T5）验证集上实现了62.73的F量，以优于基线原型网络34.02的性能。使用提出的方法，我们提交的系统在Dcase2022-T5中排名第二。本文的代码在https://github.com/haoheliu/dcase_2022_task_5上完全开源。

自动音频字幕是一项跨模式翻译任务，旨在为给定的音频剪辑生成自然语言描述。近年来，随着免费可用数据集的发布，该任务受到了越来越多的关注。该问题主要通过深度学习技术解决。已经提出了许多方法，例如研究不同的神经网络架构，利用辅助信息，例如关键字或句子信息来指导字幕生成，并采用了不同的培训策略，这些策略极大地促进了该领域的发展。在本文中，我们对自动音频字幕的已发表贡献进行了全面综述，从各种现有方法到评估指标和数据集。我们还讨论了公开挑战，并设想可能的未来研究方向。

自动音频标题（AAC）是一种跨模型翻译任务，旨在使用自然语言来描述音频剪辑的内容。如在DCEAD 2021挑战的任务6所接收的提交所示，这一问题已受到越来越兴趣的社区。现有的AAC系统通常基于编码器解码器架构，其中音频信号被编码为潜像表示，并与其对应的文本描述对齐，则使用解码器来生成标题。然而，AAC系统的培训经常遇到数据稀缺问题，这可能导致不准确的表示和音频文本对齐。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种名为对比损耗的新型编码器解码器框架（CL4AC）。在CL4AC中，通过对比样本来利用来自原始音频文本成对数据的自我监督信号来利用音频和文本之间的对应关系，该样本可以提高潜在表示的质量和音频和文本之间的对齐，同时训练有限的数据。实验是在披丁数据集上进行的，以显示我们提出的方法的有效性。

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019 and now becoming a pandemic. When COVID-19 patients undergo radiography examination, radiologists can observe the present of radiographic abnormalities from their chest X-ray (CXR) images. In this study, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model was proposed to aid radiologists in diagnosing COVID-19 patients. First, this work conducted a comparative study on the performance of modified VGG-16, ResNet-50 and DenseNet-121 to classify CXR images into normal, COVID-19 and viral pneumonia. Then, the impact of image augmentation on the classification results was evaluated. The publicly available COVID-19 Radiography Database was used throughout this study. After comparison, ResNet-50 achieved the highest accuracy with 95.88%. Next, after training ResNet-50 with rotation, translation, horizontal flip, intensity shift and zoom augmented dataset, the accuracy dropped to 80.95%. Furthermore, an ablation study on the effect of image augmentation on the classification results found that the combinations of rotation and intensity shift augmentation methods obtained an accuracy higher than baseline, which is 96.14%. Finally, ResNet-50 with rotation and intensity shift augmentations performed the best and was proposed as the final classification model in this work. These findings demonstrated that the proposed classification model can provide a promising result for COVID-19 diagnosis.

Users' physical safety is an increasing concern as the market for intelligent systems continues to grow, where unconstrained systems may recommend users dangerous actions that can lead to serious injury. Covertly unsafe text, language that contains actionable physical harm, but requires further reasoning to identify such harm, is an area of particular interest, as such texts may arise from everyday scenarios and are challenging to detect as harmful. Qualifying the knowledge required to reason about the safety of various texts and providing human-interpretable rationales can shed light on the risk of systems to specific user groups, helping both stakeholders manage the risks of their systems and policymakers to provide concrete safeguards for consumer safety. We propose FARM, a novel framework that leverages external knowledge for trustworthy rationale generation in the context of safety. In particular, FARM foveates on missing knowledge in specific scenarios, retrieves this knowledge with attribution to trustworthy sources, and uses this to both classify the safety of the original text and generate human-interpretable rationales, combining critically important qualities for sensitive domains such as user safety. Furthermore, FARM obtains state-of-the-art results on the SafeText dataset, improving safety classification accuracy by 5.29 points.

Conditional diffusion probabilistic models can model the distribution of natural images and can generate diverse and realistic samples based on given conditions. However, oftentimes their results can be unrealistic with observable color shifts and textures. We believe that this issue results from the divergence between the probabilistic distribution learned by the model and the distribution of natural images. The delicate conditions gradually enlarge the divergence during each sampling timestep. To address this issue, we introduce a new method that brings the predicted samples to the training data manifold using a pretrained unconditional diffusion model. The unconditional model acts as a regularizer and reduces the divergence introduced by the conditional model at each sampling step. We perform comprehensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on super-resolution, colorization, turbulence removal, and image-deraining tasks. The improvements obtained by our method suggest that the priors can be incorporated as a general plugin for improving conditional diffusion models.

In a high dimensional linear predictive regression where the number of potential predictors can be larger than the sample size, we consider using LASSO, a popular L1-penalized regression method, to estimate the sparse coefficients when many unit root regressors are present. Consistency of LASSO relies on two building blocks: the deviation bound of the cross product of the regressors and the error term, and the restricted eigenvalue of the Gram matrix of the regressors. In our setting where unit root regressors are driven by temporal dependent non-Gaussian innovations, we establish original probabilistic bounds for these two building blocks. The bounds imply that the rates of convergence of LASSO are different from those in the familiar cross sectional case. In practical applications given a mixture of stationary and nonstationary predictors, asymptotic guarantee of LASSO is preserved if all predictors are scale-standardized. In an empirical example of forecasting the unemployment rate with many macroeconomic time series, strong performance is delivered by LASSO when the initial specification is guided by macroeconomic domain expertise.

LiDAR mapping is important yet challenging in self-driving and mobile robotics. To tackle such a global point cloud registration problem, DeepMapping converts the complex map estimation into a self-supervised training of simple deep networks. Despite its broad convergence range on small datasets, DeepMapping still cannot produce satisfactory results on large-scale datasets with thousands of frames. This is due to the lack of loop closures and exact cross-frame point correspondences, and the slow convergence of its global localization network. We propose DeepMapping2 by adding two novel techniques to address these issues: (1) organization of training batch based on map topology from loop closing, and (2) self-supervised local-to-global point consistency loss leveraging pairwise registration. Our experiments and ablation studies on public datasets (KITTI, NCLT, and Nebula) demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Our code will be released.

Existing methods for large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation require expensive, tedious and error-prone manual point-wise annotations. Intuitively, weakly supervised training is a direct solution to reduce the cost of labeling. However, for weakly supervised large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation, too few annotations will inevitably lead to ineffective learning of network. We propose an effective weakly supervised method containing two components to solve the above problem. Firstly, we construct a pretext task, \textit{i.e.,} point cloud colorization, with a self-supervised learning to transfer the learned prior knowledge from a large amount of unlabeled point cloud to a weakly supervised network. In this way, the representation capability of the weakly supervised network can be improved by the guidance from a heterogeneous task. Besides, to generate pseudo label for unlabeled data, a sparse label propagation mechanism is proposed with the help of generated class prototypes, which is used to measure the classification confidence of unlabeled point. Our method is evaluated on large-scale point cloud datasets with different scenarios including indoor and outdoor. The experimental results show the large gain against existing weakly supervised and comparable results to fully supervised methods\footnote{Code based on mindspore: https://github.com/dmcv-ecnu/MindSpore\_ModelZoo/tree/main/WS3\_MindSpore}.